"King of materials" taemane, ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ntle ea 'mele, e 'nile ea hlahlojoa le ho atolosoa masimong a kopo ka lilemo tse mashome.E le sebaka sa taemane ea tlhaho, taemane ea maiketsetso e 'nile ea sebelisoa masimong ho tloha ho lithulusi tsa machining le liboro ho isa ho li-semiconductors tsa ultra-wide band gap, ho tloha ka laser le libetsa tse tataisoang ho isa ho masale a daemane a benyang matsohong a basali.Taemane ea maiketsetso e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea indasteri le indasteri ea mabenyane.
A. Litaba tsa Motheo
Synthetic diamond ke mofuta oa kristale ea daemane e entsoeng ka mokhoa oa mahlale ka papiso ea maiketsetso ea boemo ba kristale le tikoloho ea kholo ea daemane ea tlhaho.Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e fumanehang khoebong ea tlhahiso ea litaemane ka bongata -- mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng (HTHP) le chemical vapor deposition (CVD).Ka theknoloji ea HPHT kapa CVD, taemane ea maiketsetso e ka hlahisoa ka libeke tse 'maloa feela,' me sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, index ea refractive, letsoalo le lekanyelitsoeng, ho hasana, boima, conductivity ea mocheso, katoloso ea mocheso, phetisetso ea leseli, ho hanyetsa le compressibility ea taemane ea tlhaho ke eona tshoanang.Litaemane tsa maiketsetso tsa boemo bo holimo li boetse li tsejoa e le litaemane tse lengoang.
Papiso ea mekhoa e 'meli ea ho lokisetsa e tjena:
| Mofuta | Morero | HPHT mocheso o phahameng le mokhoa oa khatello | Mokhoa oa ho beha mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale oa CVD |
| Mokhoa oa maiketsetso | Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse tala | Graphite phofo, tšepe catalyst phofo | Khase e nang le carbon, hydrogen |
| Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso | 6-ka holim'a taemane mochine oa khatiso | Thepa ea CVD Depositional | |
| Tikoloho ea maiketsetso | Boemo bo phahameng ba mocheso le khatello e phahameng | Boemo bo phahameng ba mocheso le khatello e phahameng | |
| Hlaolela litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa litaemane | Sebopeho sa sehlahisoa | Granular, sebopeho sa cubic octahedron, 14 | Letlapa, cube ea sebopeho, tataiso ea 1 ea kholo |
| Potoloho ea kholo | Khutšoane | Nako e telele | |
| Litšenyehelo | Tlase | Phahameng | |
| Boemo ba bohloeki | Ho mpefala hanyane | Phahameng | |
| Sehlahisoa se loketseng | 1 ~ 5ct ho lema litaemane | Hola litaemane ka holimo ho 5ct | |
| Tšebeliso ea theknoloji | Tekanyo ea kopo | Theknoloji e hōlile, ts'ebeliso ea malapeng e pharaletseng ebile e na le molemo o totobetseng lefatšeng | Theknoloji ea kantle ho naha e batla e hōlile, empa theknoloji ea malapeng e ntse e le sethaleng sa lipatlisiso, 'me liphello tsa kopo li fokola |
China indasteri ea maiketsetso ea taemane e qalile ka morao, empa lebelo la nts'etsopele ea indasteri le potlakile.Hajoale, litaba tsa thekenoloji, li-carats le theko ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea litaemane tsa maiketsetso Chaena li na le melemo ea tlholisano lefatšeng.Taemane ea maiketsetso e na le thepa e ntle e ts'oanang le taemane ea tlhaho, joalo ka super hard, wear resistance le corrosion resistance.Ke thepa e tsoetseng pele ea inorganic non-metallic e sebetsang hantle haholo, e nepahetseng haholo, e sa feleng le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.Ke eona ntho ea mantlha e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa bakeng sa ho sakha, ho seha, ho sila le ho cheka lisebelisoa tse phahameng tse thata le tse brittle.Lisebelisoa tsa li-terminal li koaheloa haholo indastering ea lifofane le sesole, thepa ea kaho, lejoe, lipatlisiso le merafo, ts'ebetso ea mechine, matla a hloekileng, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki, semiconductor le liindasteri tse ling.Hajoale, ts'ebeliso e kholo ea daemane ea maiketsetso ea boleng bo holimo, e leng taemane e lengoang, e indastering ea mabenyane.
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| Fesetere ea ho batla metsu | Diamond drill bits bakeng sa ho hlahloba peterole |
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| Lehare la taemane | Sesebelisoa sa taemane |
| Tšebeliso ea indasteri ea taemane ea maiketsetso | |
Maemo a tlhahiso ea litaemane tsa tlhaho a thata haholo, kahoo khaello ke ea bohlokoa, theko e phahame selemo ho pota, 'me theko ea litaemane tse lenngoeng e tlaase haholo ho feta ea litaemane tsa tlhaho.Ho ea ka "Global Diamond Industry 2020-21" e lokollotsoeng ke Bain Consulting, theko ea thekiso ea litaemane tse lengoang e ntse e theoha ho tloha 2017. Karolong ea bone ea 2020, theko ea thekiso ea litaemane tse lengoang lab e ka bang 35% ea ea litaemane tsa tlhaho, 'me theko ea kakaretso e ka ba 20% ea litaemane tsa tlhaho.Ho lebelletsoe hore ka ntlafatso ea butle-butle ea litšenyehelo tsa tekheniki, Molemo oa theko ea 'maraka oa nakong e tlang oa ho lema litaemane o tla bonahala haholoanyane.
Temo ea taemane theko e ikarabellang bakeng sa peresente taemane tlhaho
B. Ketane ea indasteri
Ketane ea indasteri ea litaemane ea maiketsetso
Karolo e ka holimo ea ketane ea indasteri ea taemane ea maiketsetso e bua ka phepelo ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse kang lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso le lisebelisoa tsa tekheniki, hammoho le tlhahiso ea boro ea daemane ea maiketsetso.China ke eona e hlahisang taemane ea HPHT, 'me tlhahiso ea litaemane ea maiketsetso ea CVD le eona e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako.Ho theiloe sehlopha sa liindasteri Profinseng ea Henan ke bahlahisi ba daemane ea maiketsetso e ka holimo-limo, ho kenyeletsoa Zhengzhou Huacheng Diamond Co., LTD., Zhongnan Diamond Co., LTD., Henan Huanghe Cyclone Co., LTD., joalo-joalo Likhoebo tsena li atlehile ho ntlafala ka katleho. 'me e hlahisitse karoloana e kholo le bohloeki bo phahameng ba taemane ea maiketsetso (taemane e lengoang).Likhoebo tse holimo li tseba theknoloji ea mantlha ea tlhahiso ea daemane e thata, e nang le chelete e ngata, 'me theko ea thekiso ea litaemane ea maiketsetso e tsitsitse,' me phaello e batla e ruile.
Karolo e bohareng e bua ka khoebo le ts'ebetso ea daemane ea maiketsetso e se nang letho, khoebo ea daemane ea maiketsetso e felileng ho cheka, le moralo le oa Moshe.Litaemane tse nyane tse ka tlase ho 1 carat hangata li sehiloe India, ha li-carats tse kholo joalo ka 3, 5, 10 kapa litaemane tse nang le sebopeho se ikhethileng li sehiloe haholo United States.Hona joale Chaena e hlaha e le setsi se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa ho itšeha lefatšeng, 'me Chow Tai Fook e haha polante ea ho itšeha ea batho ba 5,000 Panyu.
Downstream haholo-holo e bua ka thekiso ea thekiso ea litaemane ea maiketsetso, mebaraka le liindasteri tse ling tse tšehetsang.Taemane ea maiketsetso ea boemo ba indasteri e sebelisoa haholo sebakeng sa sefofane, ts'ebetso ea mochini le tlhahiso, tlhahlobo ea peterole le liindasteri tse ling.Boholo ba litaemane tsa maiketsetso tsa boleng bo holimo li rekisetsoa indasteri ea mabenyane e le litaemane tse lengoang tsa maemo a mabenyane.Hajoale, United States e na le 'maraka o holileng ka ho fetesisa oa temo le nts'etsopele ea litaemane lefatšeng, o nang le ketane ea thekiso e batlang e feletse.
C. Maemo a 'maraka
Lilemong tsa pele, theko ea yuniti ea daemane ea maiketsetso e ne e le holimo ho 20 ~ 30 yuan ka carat, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore likhoebo tse ngata tse ncha tsa tlhahiso li be thibelo.Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso, theko ea daemane ea maiketsetso e ile ea fokotseha butle-butle, 'me lilemong tsa morao tjena, theko e theohile ho ea ka tlaase ho yuan e le' ngoe ka carat.Ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea sefofane le sesole, liphaphatha tsa silicon tsa photovoltaic, li-semiconductors, tlhahisoleseding ea elektronike le liindasteri tse ling tse ntseng li hlaha, ho sebelisoa ha daemane ea maiketsetso sebakeng se phahameng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa ho ntse ho atoloha kamehla.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea maano a tikoloho, boholo ba 'maraka oa indasteri (ho ea ka tlhahiso ea daemane ea maiketsetso) e bontšitse mokhoa oa ho fokotseha ha pele' me joale e eketseha lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng, e ntseng e phahama ho 14,65 bilione carats ka 2018 le ke e lebelletsoeng ho fihla ho 15.42 billion carats ka 2023. Liphetoho tse ikhethileng ke tse latelang:
Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa tlhahiso Chaena ke mokhoa oa HTHP.Bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba mochine oa khatiso oa mahlakoreng a tšeletseng ka ho toba bo lekanyetsa bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea daemane ea maiketsetso, ho kenyeletsa le daemane e lenngoeng.Ka kutloisiso e fapaneng ea sehlopha sa liphuputso tsa morero, bokhoni bo teng ba naha ha bo fete 8,000 ba mofuta oa morao-rao oa khatiso ea mahlakoreng a tšeletseng, athe tlhoko ea 'maraka ka kakaretso e ka ba 20,000 ea mofuta oa morao-rao oa khatiso ea mahlakoreng a tšeletseng.Hona joale, tlhomamiso ea selemo le selemo le thomo ea bahlahisi ba 'maloa ba ka sehloohong malapeng litaemane e fihletse bokgoni bo tsitsitseng ba ka bang 500 diyuniti tse ncha, hole le ho kopana le tlhokahalo ea' maraka, kahoo ka nako e khutsoanyane le e mahareng, temo ea lehae ea maraka indasteri ea taemane le phello e. bohlokoa.
Tlhokahalo ea naha ea bokhoni ba litaemane ba maiketsetso
D. Mokhoa oa ntlafatso
① Mokhoa oa ho tsepamisa maikutlo indastering o ntse o bonahala haholo
Ka ntlafatso ea sehlahisoa le katoloso ea masimo a lihlahisoa tsa litaemane tse tlase, bareki ba behile litlhokahalo tse phahameng ho boleng le ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea taemane ea maiketsetso, e hlokang likhoebo tsa daemane tsa maiketsetso ho ba le chelete e matla le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le matla a nts'etsopele, hammoho le bokhoni ba ho hlophisa tlhahiso e kholo le taolo e kopaneng ea phepelo.Ke feela ka ho ba le lipatlisiso tse matla tsa sehlahisoa le matla a nts'etsopele, bokhoni ba tlhahiso le netefatso ea boleng, moo likhoebo tse kholo li ka totobalang tlholisanong e matla ea indasteri, li tsoela pele ho bokella melemo ea tlholisano, ho holisa sekala sa ts'ebetso, ho theha moeli o phahameng oa indasteri, le ho lula maemong a holimo. tlhōlisano, e leng se etsang hore indasteri e hlahise mokhoa oa ho tsepamisa mohopolo.
②Ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea synthesis
Ka ntshetsopele e tswelang pele ya matla a tlhahiso ya diindaseteri tsa naha, botsitso le tokiso ya disebediswa tsa ho sebetsa di a hlokeha ho ntlafatswa.Ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea lisebelisoa tsa daemane tsa maiketsetso tsa Machaena ho tloha tlase ho isa pheletsong e tlase e tla potlakisoa le ho feta, 'me sebaka sa ts'ebeliso ea daemane ea maiketsetso se tla atolosoa le ho feta.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho finyelloa ka ho eketsehileng ho etsa lipatlisiso le ntshetsopele diphitlhelelo ka likarolo tse kholo-tekanyo a maiketsetso a cavity le optimization ea hard alloy hamore, e leng haholo khothalletsa ntshetsopele ya tlhahiso ea maiketsetso taemane.
③ Ho lengoa ha litaemane ho potlakisa ho phahama ha menyetla ea 'maraka
Taemane ea maiketsetso e sebelisitsoe haholo lefapheng la indasteri.Ho feta 90% ea taemane e sebelisoang indastering ea lefats'e ke taemane ea maiketsetso.Ts'ebeliso ea daemane ea maiketsetso tšimong ea bareki (taemane e lengoang ka mabenyane) e boetse e potlakisa ho phahama ha tebello ea 'maraka e pharalletseng.
Lefatšeng ka bophara mabenyane a temo ea taemane e ntse e le mohato oa pele oa kholo, 'maraka oa nako e telele o na le sebaka se seholo.Ho latela Bain & Company's 2020 -- 2021 Global Diamond Industry Research Report, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa mabenyane ka 2020 o feta lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 264, tseo lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 64 e neng e le mabenyane a litaemane, a etsang karolo ea 24.2%.Mabapi le sebopeho sa tšebeliso, ho latela Bain Consulting's Global Diamond Industry Research Report 2020 -- 2021, tšebeliso ea United States le China e etsa karolo ea 80% le 10% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa tšebeliso ea litaemane.
Hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 2016, litaemane tse nyane tse se nang 'mala tse hlahisoang ke theknoloji ea HTHP naheng ea rona li ile tsa qala ho kena sethaleng sa tlhahiso ea bongata, granularity le boleng ba temo ea litaemane ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea synthesis le ho tsoela pele ho ntlafala, litebello tsa mebaraka ea kamoso li pharalletseng.
Nako ea poso: Jul-08-2023